Tort Immunity of Minor Governmental Officers

This note concerns the issues which the courts, both state and federal, have considered in proffering the cloak of immunity to minor public officers, and the current trends toward the extension, narrowing or maintenance of the doctrine of immunity

Tort Immunity of Minor Governmental Officers

This note concerns the issues which the courts, both state and federal, have considered in proffering the cloak of immunity to minor public officers, and the current trends toward the extension, narrowing or maintenance of the doctrine of immunity

Differences in the localization and morphology of chromosomes in the human nucleus

Using fluorescence in situ hybridization we show striking differences in nuclear position, chromosome morphology, and interactions with nuclear substructure for human chromosomes 18 and 19. Human chromosome 19 is shown to adopt a more internal position in the nucleus than chromosome 18 and to be more extensively associated with the nuclear matrix. The more peripheral localization of chromosome 18 is established early in the cell cycle and is maintained thereafter. We show that the preferential localization of chromosomes 18 and 19 in the nucleus is reflected in the orientation of translocation chromosomes in the nucleus. Lastly, we show that the inhibition of transcription can have gross, but reversible, effects on chromosome architecture. Our data demonstrate that the distribution of genomic sequences between chromosomes has implications for nuclear structure and we discuss our findings in relation to a model of the human nucleus that is functionally compartmentalized

Effects of radiofrequency on adipose tissue: A systematic review with meta-analysis

Equipment that acts in the reduction in adipose tissue are becomingwidely investigated. One of the resources that begin to gain recognition is radiofre-quency. To verify the existence of scientific evidence and the methodological qualityof the articles on the effects of radiofrequency in the reduction in adipose tissue. Systematic review with meta‐analysis on the effects of radiofre-quency on adipose tissue. The research was carried out using several databases andincluding experimental studies only in humans. The evaluation of the methodologicalquality of the articles was done based on the PEDro Scale. Twelve articles related with adipose tissue and cellulitis were included.There was a great variability of protocols, and the methodological quality was gen-erally low and the methods most used for the evaluation of results were anthro-pometry, photography, and histopathology. Clinical results suggest a positive effectof radiofrequency on the reduction in adipose tissue, proving an increase in adipo-cyte lipolysis. After statistical analysis, it was verified that the anthropometry pre-sented questionable results. The clinical results of the studies point to the positive effects ofradiofrequency on the reduction in adipose tissue; however, the low methodologicalmake this topic still debatable, requiring more controlled studies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A phase 2 trial of complete resection for stage IV melanoma

BACKGROUND: On the basis of retrospective experience at individual centers, it appears that patients with stage IV melanoma who undergo complete resection have a favorable outcome compared with patients with disseminated stage IV disease. The Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) performed a prospective trial in patients with metastatic melanoma who were enrolled before complete resection of their metastatic disease and provided prospective outcomes in the cooperative group setting. METHODS: Based on their physical examination and radiologic imaging studies, patients with a stage IV melanoma judged amenable to complete resection underwent surgery within 28 days of enrollment. All eligible patients were followed with scans (computed tomography or positron emission tomography) every 6 months until relapse and death. RESULTS: Seventy‐seven patients were enrolled from 18 different centers. Of those, 5 patients were ineligible; 2 had stage III disease alone; and 3 had no melanoma in their surgical specimen. In addition, 8 eligible patients had incompletely resected tumor. Therefore, the primary analysis included 64 completely resected patients. Twenty patients (31%) had visceral disease. With a median follow‐up of 5 years, the median relapse‐free survival was 5 months (95% CI, 3‐7 months) whereas median overall survival was 21 months (95% CI, 16‐34 months). Overall survivals at 3 and 4 years were 36% and 31%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In a prospective multicenter setting, appropriately selected patients with stage IV melanoma achieved prolonged overall survival after complete surgical resection. Although median relapse‐free survival was only 5 months, patients could still frequently undergo subsequent surgery for isolated recurrences. This patient population is appropriate for aggressive surgical therapy and for trials evaluating adjuvant therapy. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society. One of the only prospective analyses of surgery for metastatic disease in patients with stage IV disease, this article reports on a multicenter cooperative group trial with enrollment of patients from 18 different institutions. Incorporating consistent monitoring is a hallmark of cooperative group trials.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/86987/1/26111_ftp.pd

Pemetrexed in combination with cisplatin versus cisplatin monotherapy in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer

BACKGROUND: Recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is associated with poor survival. Platinum‐based chemotherapy is often a first‐line treatment. Pemetrexed has shown single‐agent activity in SCCHN and in combination with cisplatin for other tumors. This trial examined the efficacy of pemetrexed‐cisplatin for SCCHN. METHODS: In a double‐blind phase 3 trial, patients with recurrent or metastatic SCCHN and no prior systemic therapy for metastatic disease were randomized to pemetrexed (500 mg/m 2 ) plus cisplatin (75 mg/m 2 ; n = 398) or placebo plus cisplatin (75 mg/m 2 ; n = 397) to assess overall survival (OS) and secondary endpoints. RESULTS: Median OS was 7.3 months in the pemetrexed‐cisplatin arm and 6.3 months in the placebo‐cisplatin arm (hazard ratio [HR], 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75‐1.02; P = .082). Median progression‐free survival (PFS, months) was similar in both treatment arms (pemetrexed‐cisplatin, 3.6; placebo‐cisplatin, 2.8; HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.76‐1.03; P = .166). Among patients with performance status 0 or 1, pemetrexed‐cisplatin (n = 347) led to longer OS and PFS than placebo‐cisplatin (n = 343; 8.4 vs 6.7 months; HR, 0.83; P = .026; 4.0 vs 3.0 months; HR, 0.84; P = .044, respectively). Among patients with oropharyngeal cancers, pemetrexed‐cisplatin (n = 86) resulted in longer OS and PFS than placebo‐cisplatin (n = 106; 9.9 vs 6.1 months; HR, 0.59; P = .002; 4.0 vs 3.4 months; HR, 0.73; P = .047, respectively). Pemetrexed‐cisplatin toxicity was consistent with studies in other tumors. CONCLUSIONS: Pemetrexed‐cisplatin compared with placebo‐cisplatin did not significantly improve survival for the intent‐to‐treat population. However, in a prespecified subgroup analysis, pemetrexed‐cisplatin showed OS and PFS advantage for patients with performance status 0 or 1 or oropharyngeal cancers. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society. In a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase 3 trial, patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck are randomized to pemetrexed plus cisplatin or placebo plus cisplatin to assess overall survival and secondary endpoints. Pemetrexed‐cisplatin does not significantly improve survival for the intention‐to‐treat population. However, in a preplanned subgroup analysis, pemetrexed‐cisplatin leads to longer overall survival and progression‐free survival for patients with performance status 0 or 1 and patients with oropharyngeal cancers.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/93741/1/27449_ftp.pd

Near Threshold K+K- Meson-Pair Production in Proton-Proton Collisions

The near threshold total cross section and angular distributions of K+K- pair production via the reaction pp --> ppK+K- have been studied at an excess energy of Q = 17 MeV using the COSY-11 facility at the cooler synchrotron COSY. The obtained cross section as well as an upper limit at an excess energy of Q = 3 MeV represent the first measurements on the K+K- production in the region of small excess energies where production via the channel pp --> pp Phi --> ppK+K- is energetically forbidden. The possible influence of a resonant production via intermediate scalar states f0(980) and a0(980) is discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, replaced with revised version, accepted for publication in Phys. Lett.

Discussions and Reviews : Theorizing about theory in international politics

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66906/2/10.1177_002200276000400405.pd